Migración de la malla a la unión gastroesofágica: una complicación infrecuente de la reparación de una hernia hiatal gigante / Mesh migration into the gastroesophageal junction: a rare complication of giant hiatal hernia repair

Resumen El reparo de la hernia hiatal es un tema de debate debido a las posibles complicaciones asociadas que han cambiado a través de los años. En la literatura se reportan complicaciones asociadas al procedimiento hasta en un 30 % de los casos. Las complicaciones diferentes a la recurrencia y a largo plazo son infrecuentes, reportadas en menos del 9 % de los casos. La inclusión de la malla protésica en el esófago es una rara complicación y solo se han reportado pocos casos sobre esta. Entre los factores asociados a este desenlace se encuentran descritos: el material protésico, la técnica quirúrgica y la tensión de la malla sobre el tejido intervenido; sin embargo, es difícil establecer asociaciones directas de cada factor dado que la literatura actual solo cuenta con reportes de casos. A continuación, se muestra el caso clínico de un paciente, quien, después de una reparación de hernia hiatal con malla, presenta la inclusión de material protésico en el esófago; se aborda el diagnóstico y el manejo de la misma.

Abstract Hiatal hernia repair has been a subject of debate due to the possible associated complications that have changed over the years. The literature reports up to 30% of cases with complications associated with the procedure. Complications other than recurrence and long-term complications are rare and reported in less than 9% of cases. The migration of the prosthetic mesh into the esophagus is a rare complication and only a few cases have been reported. The factors associated with this outcome include prosthetic material, surgical technique, and mesh tension on the intervened tissue. However, it is difficult to establish direct associations of each factor since the current literature has only case reports. The following is a clinical case of a patient in whom the prosthetic material migrated into the esophagus after a hiatal hernia repair with mesh. The diagnosis and treatment offered are discussed.

Hiatal hernia repair: prevention of mesh erosion and migration into the esophagogastric junction / Correção de hérnia hiatal: prevenção de erosão e migração de tela na junção esofagogástrica

ABSTRACT Background: Erosion and migration into the esophagogastric lumen after laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair with mesh placement has been published. Aim: To present surgical maneuvers that seek to diminish the risk of this complication. Method: We suggest mobilizing the hernia sac from the mediastinum and taking it down to the abdominal position with its blood supply intact in order to rotate it behind and around the abdominal esophagus. The purpose is to cover the on-lay mesh placed in "U" fashion to reinforce the crus suture. Results: We have performed laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair in 173 patients (total group). Early postoperative complications were observed in 35 patients (27.1%) and one patient died (0.7%) due to a massive lung thromboembolism. One hundred twenty-nine patients were followed-up for a mean of 41+28months. Mesh placement was performed in 79 of these patients. The remnant sac was rotated behind the esophagus in order to cover the mesh surface. In this group, late complications were observed in five patients (2.9%). We have not observed mesh erosion or migration to the esophagogastric lumen. Conclusion: The proposed technique should be useful for preventing erosion and migration into the esophagus.

RESUMO Racional: Com a colocação de tela foi têm sido publicadas erosões e migrações para o lúmen esofagogástrico após correção de hérnia hiatal laparoscópica. Objetivo: Apresentar manobras cirúrgicas que buscam diminuir o risco dessa complicação. Método: Sugerimos mobilizar o saco de hérnia do mediastino e levá-lo à posição abdominal com o suprimento sanguíneo intacto, a fim de girá-lo para trás e ao redor do esôfago abdominal. O objetivo é cobrir a malha colocada sobre a forma "U" para reforçar a sutura da crura haital. Resultados: Realizamos reparo laparoscópico de hérnia hiatal em 173 pacientes (grupo total). Complicações pós-operatórias precoces foram observadas em 35 pacientes (27,1%) e um morreu (0,7%) devido a tromboembolismo pulmonar maciço. Cento e vinte e nove pacientes foram acompanhados por média de 41+28 meses. A colocação da tela foi realizada em 79 desses pacientes. O saco remanescente foi girado atrás do esôfago para cobrir a superfície da tela. Nesse grupo, complicações tardias foram observadas em cinco pacientes (2,9%). Não observamos erosão da tela ou migração dela para o lúmen esofagogástrico. Conclusão: A técnica proposta pode ser útil para prevenir a erosão e a migração para o esôfago de telas na correção de hérnias hiatais.